Best practice MultiView
Greg Choules
gregchoules+bindusers at googlemail.com
Tue Apr 18 12:10:49 UTC 2023
Hi Jiaming.
I had a similar requirement. Since there were not many (a few tens or at
most a hundred) names that needed to be resolved differently locally my
approach was to create a zone for each of them and to not have the parent
zone at all. Each specific zone would contain a single A record (or maybe
others) with the owner name being @ or tha name of the zone.
e.g.:
EXTERNAL zone
example.com
INTERNAL zones
insite.example.com
@ A 10.1.1.1
another.example.com
@ A 10.1.1.2
etc...
This way, the default is for all resolution to go externally, except the
names you want to resolve internally with different answers.
Cheers, Greg
On Tue, 18 Apr 2023 at 12:59, Jiaming Zhang <J.Zhang at yiximeta.com> wrote:
> Dear Greg,
>
> The initiative was that we have certain records that wish to be view only
> internally and may resolve to private address (e.g. insite A 10.1.1.1).
>
> Kind Regards,
> Jiaming Zhang
>
> *Yixi Meta*
> *Tel: +31 (6) 12 98 08 07*
> *Email: J.Zhang at yiximeta.com <J.Zhang at yiximeta.com>*
>
>
> *Website: yiximeta.com <http://yiximeta.com> De informatie in dit bericht
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> ------------------------------
> *Van:* Greg Choules <gregchoules+bindusers at googlemail.com>
> *Verzonden:* Monday, April 17, 2023 4:43:58 PM
> *Aan:* Jiaming Zhang <J.Zhang at yiximeta.com>
> *CC:* bind-users at lists.isc.org <bind-users at lists.isc.org>
> *Onderwerp:* Re: Best practice MultiView
>
> Hi Jiaming.
> The arguments to "also-notify {...};" are explicit IP addresses.
>
> Why do you need it? Do you have some secondaries that are not listed as NS
> in zones?
>
> Regarding views. Why would you have the same zone in an internal and
> external view? A few years ago, having to maintain multiple zones of the
> same name but different contents caused me problems daily. I would
> recommend having internal zones be proper delegations from external zones.
> e.g.:
> external "example.com"
> internal "internal.example.com"
>
> Cheers, Greg
>
> On Mon, 17 Apr 2023 at 14:41, Jiaming Zhang <J.Zhang at yiximeta.com> wrote:
>
> Dear Nick,
>
> Thanks for the reply. What was already set that I didn't include in my
> first mail was that both views on both servers have match-clients set
> (for internal set to "localhost" and "localnets", and for external set to
> "any"), so I'll add the keys also to the match-clients.
>
> However, I got a question on the syntax of also-notify, what I can see
> from bind9's user manual, the target of also-notify can be <remote-servers>
> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ],
> does this means that I can use domain names of the server instead of IP?
> Both name server has IPv4 (single or multiple) and IPv6 glued with the
> domain name, and I was wondering if by setting domain name instead of IP,
> bind will intelligently find if it would need to communicate with which IP
> (like it currently do with notify yes). I asked because if by any chance
> for whatever reason sending notify was failed to a certain IP, it may look
> up any other available IP that is defined with the related domain name (at
> least from my observation).
>
> I was also confused what you exactly referred to with '"primaries" (or
> "masters" in old terminology) statement that includes the correct key
> name', I assume you mean I need to point which is the master and the keys
> to communicate with this specific master on the slave server. For the
> reference, I attached the related config on slave below.
>
> ```
> zone "example.com" IN {
> type slave;
> masters { <ip of master>; };
> file "/path/to/file";
> allow-query { any; };
> notify yes; # will become "explicit"
> };
> ```
>
> Kind regards,
> Jiaming Zhang
>
> *Yixi Meta*
> *Tel: +31 (6) 12 98 08 07*
> *Email: J.Zhang at yiximeta.com <J.Zhang at yiximeta.com>*
>
>
> *Website: yiximeta.com <http://yiximeta.com> De informatie in dit bericht
> is uitsluitend bestemd voor de geadresseerde. Aan dit bericht en de
> bijlagen kunnen geen rechten worden ontleend. Heeft u deze e-mail onbedoeld
> ontvangen? Dan verzoeken wij u het te vernietigen en de afzender te
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> geregistreerd bij de Kamer van Koophandel in het handelsregister onder
> nummer 85744115. The content of this message is intended solely for the
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> ------------------------------
> *Van:* bind-users <bind-users-bounces at lists.isc.org> namens Nick Tait via
> bind-users <bind-users at lists.isc.org>
> *Verzonden:* maandag, april 17, 2023 1:03 PM
> *Aan:* bind-users at lists.isc.org <bind-users at lists.isc.org>
> *Onderwerp:* Re: Best practice MultiView
>
>
> Hi Jiaming.
>
> You'll also need "match-clients" in the first view (at least), so that the
> correct view handles the zone transfer request. As well as specifying 'the
> right key' in match-clients, you'll probably also want to specify 'not the
> wrong key', otherwise you won't be able to query the view from any clients
> (e.g. on your internal network) that don't present any key in their
> request...
>
> I've taken your example, and changed the key names to "
> internal.example.com" and "external.example.com" (for clarity), and added
> the match-clients to it as follows:
>
> view "internal" {
> match-clients { key "internal.example.com"; !key "external.example.com";
> internal-networks; };
> zone "example.com" IN {
> # some other config, master zone
> allow-transfer { key "internal.example.com"; };
> notify yes;
> };
> # some more zone
> };
> view "external" {
> match-clients { key "external.example.com"; !key "internal.example.com";
> any; };
> zone "example.com" IN {
> # some other config, master zone
> allow-transfer { key "external.example.com"; };
> notify yes;
> };
> };
>
> Note that I've included "internal-networks" in the internal view. This is
> simply to illustrate that you might also want the view to answer DNS
> requests from clients within your network.
>
> There is one further improvement on the above, which is what Mark referred
> to below, which is where each view can include the respective key in NOTIFY
> messages. To do that, change "notify yes" to "notify explicit" and then use
> "also-notify" to specify the secondary servers along with the key to use.
> Applying this to the above you get something like:
>
> view "internal" {
> match-clients { key "internal.example.com"; !key "external.example.com";
> internal-networks; };
> zone "example.com" IN {
> # some other config, master zone
> allow-transfer { key "internal.example.com"; };
> notify explicit;
> also-notify { 192.0.2.1 key "internal.example.com"; };
> };
> # some more zone
> };
> view "external" {
> match-clients { key "external.example.com"; !key "internal.example.com";
> any; };
> zone "example.com" IN {
> # some other config, master zone
> allow-transfer { key "external.example.com"; };
> notify explicit;
> also-notify { 192.0.2.1 key "external.example.com"; };
> };
> };
>
> The secondary server would need a similar match-clients set-up so that it
> associated the notify with the correct view (based on key). And as I'm sure
> you know it would also need a "primaries" (or "masters" in old terminology)
> statement that includes the correct key name.
>
> Nick.
>
>
> On 17/04/23 22:12, Mark Andrews wrote:
>
> You use keys as well when sending notify to select which view processes the notify
>
>
> On 17 Apr 2023, at 18:44, Jiaming Zhang <J.Zhang at yiximeta.com> <J.Zhang at yiximeta.com> wrote:
>
> Dear community,
>
> I was wondering if notifying and updating zones in different view (say "internal" and "external") between bind servers via different key is a good practice. I got a sample zone/config like below:
> ```
> view "internal" { zone "example.com" IN {
> # some other config, master zone
> allow-transfer { key key1; };
> notify yes;
> };
> # some more zone
> }
> view "external" {
> zone "example.com" IN {
> # some other config, master zone
> allow-transfer { key key2; };
> notify yes;
> };
> }
> ```
> where both zones have the same name server (e.g. `ns1.example.com` and `ns2.example.com`). What I'm trying to archive is that and update on zones in "internal" view does not contaminate zones in "external" view, or vice versa. I was wondering if using different key to limit update is a good practice, since I'm expecting "external" view on slave server will also receive notify upon update on "internal" zone at master, but just unable to query update due to incorrect key.
>
> Kind Regards,
> Jiaming Zhang
>
> Yixi Meta
> Tel: +31 (6) 12 98 08 07
> Email: J.Zhang at yiximeta.com
> Website: yiximeta.com
>
> De informatie in dit bericht is uitsluitend bestemd voor de geadresseerde. Aan dit bericht en de bijlagen kunnen geen rechten worden ontleend. Heeft u deze e-mail onbedoeld ontvangen? Dan verzoeken wij u het te vernietigen en de afzender te informeren. Openbaar maken, kopiëren en verspreiden van deze e-mail of informatie uit deze e-mail is alleen toegestaan met voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de afzender. Het Yixi Meta staat geregistreerd bij de Kamer van Koophandel in het handelsregister onder nummer 85744115.
>
> The content of this message is intended solely for the addressee. No rights can be derived from this message or its attachments. If you are not the intended recipient, we kindly request you to delete the message and inform the sender. It is strictly prohibited to disclose, copy or distribute this email or the information inside it, without a written consent from the sender. Yixi Meta is registered with the Dutch Chamber of Commerce trade register with number 85744115.
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